Left: (Brian A Jackson/Shutterstock); Right: (Lasse Jensen/CC BY 2.5) "Oopart"or "out-of-place artifact"is the term given to numerous prehistoric objects found in various places across the world today that show a level of technological sophistication incongruous with our present paradigm. Concretions can help us understand ground water better - water that we use for drinking and irrigation and need to keep clean. Navajo Ss concretion, 3D view - Smallpond.ca The iron-oxide-rich concretions in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in southern Utah are unusual in two fundamental ways. What is iron concretion? Carl Baugh, who was in possession of the artifact, has said the wooden handle has turned to coal (evidence of its great age) and that the metal . In general, small con- cretions are more closely spaced, and larger concretions are more widely spaced (Chan et al., 2004). Many scientists attempt to explain these ooparts away as natural phenomena. Understanding genesis of iron oxide concretions present - SpringerLink The concretions record a history of iron mobilization and precipitation caused by changes in pH, oxidation conditions, and activity of bacteria. First cut. ; Kettler, R.M. PDF The footprints of ancient CO -driven ow systems: Ferrous carbonate ~185-180 million years ago The Navajo Sandstone consists of thick layers of cross-bedded sandstone formed by windblown sand dunes in a vast ancient desert. Colors of the Navajo Sandstone - National Park Service The eolian Jurassic Navajo Sandstone spheroidal hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) concretions are divided into two sizeclasses:macro-concretions ofN5 mmdiameterandmicro-concretionsofb5 mmdiameter.Threeinternal structural end-members of macro-concretions are described as rind, layered, and solid. The Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in southwestern USA commonly hosts concretions cemented by iron oxides (Potter 2011, Loope 2012). In the Navajo Sandstone, Fe-oxide deposits also occur as massive, cm- to m-scale, tabular concretions ( Fig. Morphologic Clues to the Origins of Iron Oxide-Cemented Spheroids Moqui Marbles, also called Moqui balls or "Moki marbles", are iron oxide concretions which can be found eroding in great abundance out of outcrops of the Navajo Sandstone within south-central and southeastern Utah. They were once a common feature of the landscape. 17 Out-Of-Place Artifacts That Suggest High-Tech Civilizations Existed Context. 2B). Some examples of anhydrous secondary minerals include many carbonates, some sulfates (e.g., anhydrite), and metallic oxides such as the iron oxide mineral hematite. Some of these structures are considered terrestrial analogs for concretions imaged on Mars. Concretions cemented by iron oxide are abundant and diverse in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah. These round rocks form in the Navajo Sandstone formations spread across northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, and Utah. (Concretions are masses of hardened mineral matter). Discoidal growth is typically elongate along the more permeable grainflow laminae. 2). Kayenta Formation deposition was ended by the encroaching dune field that would become the Navajo Sandstone. Moqui Marbles, Shaman Stones, Navajo Sandstone Concretions Figure 1. In the lower Navajo Sandstone where cross bedding is more prevalent and undisturbed, concretions are either spheroidal (within thick grainflow beds) or discoidal where concretions grow in alternating wind ripple and grainflow laminae. The Navajo Sandstone is one . geochemical modeling performed in this research explored the question of fluid chemistry involved in concretion formation in the navajo sandstone and findings suggest that the calcite concretions formed prior to the precipitation of secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxides and may have provided a localized buffering environment for the precipitation of . (PDF) Rinded, Iron-Oxide Concretions in Navajo Sandstone Along the Carl Baugh, who was in possession of the artifact, has said the wooden handle has turned to coal (evidence of its great age) and that the metal its made of has a strange composition. (PDF) Insight into Heterogeneous Calcite Cementation of Turbidite The larger piece was sectioned. This may be the result of Ni mobilization and precipitation adsorbed to the more abundant iron species; however, this trace element phenomenon warrants further investigation with . . Characterization of Navajo Sandstone Concretions: Mars Comparison and CHARACTERIZATION OF NAVAJO SANDSTONE HYDROUS FERRIC OXIDE CONCRETIONS by Sally Latham Potter A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah in partial . First, they are cemented by iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 , or Fe(OH) 3 ); most other concretions are cemented by silica (SiO 2 ), calcite (CaCO 3 dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 2 ), or siderite (FeCO 3 Second, unlike Concretions hold the key to understanding diagenesis (i.e., what happens between the time sediments are deposited and when the rock is uplifted and exposed). Navajo sandstone at The Wave, Arizona, by David Coppedge Navajo sandstone is often accompanied by "moqui marbles" on its surface: rounded iron pebbles that have eroded out of the sandstone . The Navajo Sandstone is a geologic formation in the Glen Canyon Group that is spread across the U.S. states of southern Nevada, northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, and Utah; as part of the Colorado Plateau province of the United States. The concretions appear to have formed by filling pore spaces between the aeolian . The abundant concretions found in the Navajo Sandstone consist of sandstone cemented together by hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), and goethite (FeOOH). Manitou itself was seen to rest in rocks and boulders, sometimes referred to as 'spirit' or 'image' stones. Serial sections and 3D reconstruction of a Navajo Sandstone iron oxide concretion (Navajo sample A) Figure 1. Characteristics of Terrestrial Ferric Oxide Concretions and PDF collections.lib.utah.edu The canyon walls are reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone eroded by the North Fork of the Virgin River. Thousands of moqui marbles, concretions of iron oxide minerals, accumulate in small troughs eroded into the Navajo Sandstone, Snow Canyon State Park, Utah Southern Utah is a mecca for tourists from around the world, and most of that blame can be placed on the shoulders of a single layer of rock: the Navajo Sandstone. The stony spheres are concretions sandstone balls. Sandstone balls are cemented with a strong layer of iron oxide minerals. 2006, Potter and Chan 2011). Rinded, Iron-Oxide Concretions in Navajo Sandstone Along the Trail to Navajo Sandstone - Iron Oxide Concretions (Moqui Marbles) WikiMatrix. These concretions range in shape from spheres to discs, buttons, spiked balls, cylindrical forms, and other odd shapes. Field relationships, precipitation patterns, and g. The iron-oxide-rich concretions in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in southern Utah are unusual in two fundamental ways. Moqui marbles are small, brownish-black balls composed of iron oxide and sandstone that formed underground when iron minerals precipitated from flowing groundwater. (Concretions are masses of hardened mineral matter). In the early Jurassic, the climate of the Colorado Plateau dried significantly, creating desert conditions over a broad region. Much of the mechanical ingenuity we know of in modern times began to develop only a couple hundred years ago, during the Industrial Revolution. Rinded, Iron-Oxide Concretions in Navajo Sandstone Along the Trail to All models for the genesis of the Navajo concretions contend that the iron oxide that coats sand grains in the Navajo serves as the primary source for the iron in the concretions. Object Number / Field Number / Film ID. Abstract Concretions cemented by iron oxide are abundant and diverse in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah. [PDF] Characterization of Navajo Sandstone concretions: Mars comparison Moqui marbles, the colored stones spread over the Utah and Arizona, are often called as a stone, and they fall off pale, cream-colored Navajo Sandstone beds when wind and water wash away the softer rock are often known by the name Moqui. WikiMatrix. 25 Million Old Moqui marbles naturally occurring iron oxide concretions KMap Profile | Peter Reiners | Geosciences | The University of Arizona Iron isotope evidence for siderite precursors to iron oxide concretions How Utah's Fantastical Moqui Marbles Formed | Live Science 17 Out-Of-Place Artifacts That Suggest High-Tech Civilizations Existed Beitler et al. The Navajo Sandstone was named for the "Navajo country" of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. First, they are cemented by iron oxide (Fe2O3, or Fe(OH)3); most other concretions are cemented by silica (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), or siderite (FeCO3). Models of iron oxide concretion formation: field, numerical, and The iron forming these concretions came from the breakdown of iron-bearing silicate minerals by weathering to form iron oxide coatings on other grains. A reducing fluid infiltrated the sandstone and mobilized the iron into solution as Fe 2+ . Where the oxidizing and reducing fluids mixed, the iron precipitated within the Navajo Sandstone. unit called the Navajo Sandstone features prominently in this landscape, and contains some of the largest and most abundant iron concretions found anywhere in the world. Navajo_Sandstone - chemeurope.com They are either deposited along fractures/faults or form layers of hematite-cemented sandstone, referred to as ferricretes [19]. Navajo Sandstone Dates Are Incoherent - CEH - crev.info Navajo Sandstone - hyperleap.com 17 out-of-place artifacts that suggest high-tech civilizations existed Prices and download plans . PDF Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars The rinded iron oxide concretions found in the Navajo Sandstone (Utah, USA) have been among the most extensively studied of these occurrences. The iron forming these concretions came from the break down of iron-bearing silicate minerals by weathering to form iron oxide coatings on other grains. Jurassic Navajo Sandstone Chan's group has been conducting research on the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone for over two decades. Prices and download plans . The concretions appear to have formed by filling pore spaces between the aeolian sand grain matrix that hosts them, without disturbing the sand matrix. Both Navajo Sandstone concretions and Mars spherules on Meridiani Planum are enriched in Ni relative to the host rock (Morris et al. Iron oxide | - The abundant concretions found in the Navajo Sandstone consist of sandstone cemented together by hematite (Fe 2 O 3), and goethite (FeOOH). Characterization of Navajo Sandstone concretions: Mars comparison and The Navajo concretions can be spheroidal, pipelike, or tabular with multicompartmented boxworks. French Translation of "iron oxide" | Collins English-French Dictionary A Sandstone Wonderland: Snow Canyon State Park The Navajo Sandstone was deposited near the western edge of Pangea in a vast, Early Jurassic sand sea (Kocurek and Dott, 1983). The abundant concretions found in the Navajo Sandstone consist of sandstone cemented together by hematite (Fe 2 O 3), and goethite (FeOOH). Navajo Ss concretion, 3D view - Smallpond.ca The iron forming these concretions came from the break down of iron-bearing silicate minerals by weathering to form iron oxide coatings on other grains. Mineral of the Month - Gitche Gumee Agate and History Museum Abstract - The Journal of Geology Navajo Sandstone - Wikipedia PDF Mysteries of Sandstone Colors and Concretions in Colorado Plateau Native american spirit rocks - imr.annvanhoe.info The A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary diagrams drawn for concretion and host . . Large-scale cross strata composed of wind-ripple and dry avalanche (grain- ow) deposits make up more than 95% of the formation. Although it can be argued that this may result in underestimating cm-scale concretions and thus the cumulative volume of cemented vs. host sandstone, it must be born in mind that concretions smaller than the cell size (i.e., 0.001 m3 ) represent less than 0.01% of the total volume of the observed concretions (Figure 8d). Authored by Tara Macisaac via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours), According to our conventional view of history, humans have only walked the Earth in our present form for some 200,000 years. These iron oxide concretions typically display a rinded structure: dense sandstone . In this study, the Fe isotopic compositions of 3 tabular concretions were measured (E#15-3, CR#40 and . Navajo Sandstone - Zion National Park (U.S. National Park Service) The Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in southwestern USA commonly hosts concretions cemented by iron oxides (Potter 2011, Loope 2012). . Morphologic clues to the origins of iron oxide-cemented spheroids The iron forming these concretions came from weathering on other grains to form iron oxide coatings, which broke down iron-bearing silicate minerals and formed iron oxides.
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